Molluscum Contagiosum (MC) often resolves on its own, but for those seeking treatment to alleviate symptoms or speed up recovery, several options are available. In this guide, we will be reviewing the most effective treatments for MC based on the latest research and clinical practices.

Topical Treatments
Topical treatments are applied directly to the skin and are often the first line of therapy for MC:
1. Salicylic Acid
Salicylic acid works by exfoliating the outer layer of skin, promoting the removal of infected tissue. Available in various concentrations, it can be applied as a gel, laiquid, or patch. Consistent application over several weeks is often required.
Effectiveness: Studies have shown variable success rates, but it remains a popular choice due to its availability and ease of use.
2. Hydrogen Peroxide:
Use in Dermatology: Hydrogen peroxide, typically in a stabilized solution, acts by releasing oxygen and causing a mild inflammatory reaction that helps eliminate the virus. Evidence from clinical trials and case reports suggests it is effective in reducing lesion size and number, especially in paediatric patients.
Typical Results: Results can be seen within a few weeks of consistent application, with minimal side effects.
3. Retinoids
Types: Commonly used retinoids include tretinoin and adapalene, both of which are vitamin A derivatives. They work by increasing cell turnover and preventing the virus from multiplying. Moreover, Retinoids have been shown to be effective in several clinical trials, particularly for patients with extensive lesions.
Physical Treatments
For more immediate results, physical treatments are often employed by dermatologists. These include;
1. Cryotherapy
Procedure Details: This involves freezing the lesions with liquid nitrogen, causing the infected cells to die and eventually fall off.
Effectiveness: Cryotherapy is highly effective but however it can be uncomfortable, with potential side effects including blistering and temporary skin discoloration. Therefore it is used for larger or resistant lesions and may require multiple sessions.
2. Curettage
Description: A minor surgical procedure where the lesions are scraped off using a curette (a small, spoon-shaped instrument). Provides immediate removal of lesions. Local anaesthesia is usually applied to minimise pain, making it suitable for adults and older children.
Other treatments
Additional treatments have been explored with varying degrees of success:
1. Potassium Hydroxide
Efficacy in Children: Studies have shown that a 5-10% potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) also known as Molucide can be effective, particularly in children, with minimal discomfort. It works by breaking down the skin cells covering the virus, allowing the immune system to target the infection.
Side Effects: Can cause mild skin irritation and should be used with caution.
2. Cantharidin
Mechanism of Action: Cantharidin is a blistering agent derived from beetles that causes the skin to blister and peel away the infected tissue.
Clinical Evidence: A retrospective review in 405 children showed it to be a safe and effective option with minimal adverse effects. Paediatric dermatologists often prefer cantharidin for its positive outcomes.
3. Silver Nitrate
Application Method: Applied as a caustic agent to the lesions, causing them to dry up and fall off. Effective in many cases, with the main side effect being temporary skin staining.
Emerging Treatments
Research into new treatments is ongoing, offering hope for more effective options in the future:
Emerging Therapies: New drugs and topical agents are being investigated, including immunomodulators and novel antiviral compounds.
Potential Benefits: These emerging treatments aim to improve efficacy and reduce side effects, providing better options for patients with MC.
Conclusion
While MC often resolves without intervention, knowing and understanding the available treatments can help in managing the condition effectively. Always consult a dermatologist to determine what the best treatment option for your specific case is. With the right approach, you can achieve faster resolution of lesions and minimize the impact of MC on your life.